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                <text> Compère Général Soleil, roman.</text>
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Littérature haïtienne (française)&#13;
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                <text> Paris : Gallimard</text>
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                <text>Alexis, J. S., &amp; Alexis, J. S. (1955). Compère Général Soleil, roman. Gallimard.&#13;
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                <text>This novel centers on characters who are representatives of the arduous life of the Haitian peasantry and working class. The story takes place against a backdrop of abusive Haitian government officials under the presidency of Sténio Vincent (1930–1941), the American occupation signified by the ongoing presence of the Marines (1915–1934), an apathetic bourgeois class, and the migration to the sugar cane fields of the Dominican Republic where the structure of oppression is replicated under the Trujillo government and manifested through the Parsley [or “perejil” and “pelehil”] Massacre in 1937 with the complicity of the Haitian government.&#13;
The text is enlivened with the rich textures of nature manifesting her own agency to the point of personification, street scenes, the colorful speech and complex depictions of individuals who become aware of and resist the structures that oppress them, both in Haiti and the Dominican Republic, as they strive toward the highest ideals of personhood.&#13;
Tout à coup, il eut un pétillement devant les yeux, une effloraison de comètes blondes, aux grandes eaux rayonnantes, qui inondaient le ciel.&#13;
“Claire, cria-t-il, est-ce le soleil? C’est le vieux Compère Soleil qui vient me voir! Il a toujours été avec moi ...&#13;
Je te vois encore, Claire, dit-il, doucement. Je me sens bien, il y a comme une douceur dans tout mon corps, je me sens léger, je me sens comme si je flottais dans l’air … C’est le soleil! Le jour ne devait-il pas venir? ...&#13;
Le soleil ne m’a jamais manqué … Quand je devins boeuf-à-la-chaine [Appellation de l’employé aux bagages des autocars], il me brûlait les yeux tout au long des routes, sur le toit du camion où j’étais assis. Quand je fus corroyeur à la tannerie, c’est lui qui m’aidait à supporter l’odeur des peaux vives; lorsque je tournais la roue à la tournerie de bois, près de la cathédrale protestante, ensuite souffleur de forge à la fonderie, puis aide-ferblantier, et tant d’autres choses encore, dans toute ma vie il a été là … Général Soleil est un grand nègre, c’est l’ami des pauvres nègres, le papa, il ne montre qu’un seul oeil jaune aux chrétiens vivants, mail il lutte pour nous à chaque instant, et nous indique la route.”&#13;
— Pages 340–341&#13;
Suddenly, there was a sparkle in front of his eyes, an explosion of yellow comets and rays of liquid inundating the sky.&#13;
“Claire,” he yelled, “is that the sun? Is it my old Brother Sun who has come to see me? He has always been with me ... ”&#13;
“… I still see you, Claire, he said softly. ‘I feel fine.’ A good feeling seems to be spreading through my body. I feel light, as if I were floating in the air. It’s the sun. Daybreak finally had to come, didn’t it!”&#13;
“ … The sun has never failed me. When I became a bèfchenn [baggage handler on a truck], he burned my eyes as I sat on the roof of the kamyon [truck or pickup used for public transportation, sometimes with benches installed] all along the road. When I became a currier at the tannery, he was the one who helped me to stand the smell of raw hides. When I turned the wheel at the woodworking shop and worked the bellows for the forge at the foundry, and then a tinsmith, and so many other trades, he was always there … General Sun is a great man—he has always been the friend of poor black men, the guiding spirit who shows only one yellow eye to the living, but he fights for us at each turn and always shows us the way.”&#13;
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                <text>Aimé Césaire Jacques Alexis et Richard Wright -The Sorbonne, September 1956.</text>
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African Americans&#13;
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Black people&#13;
Black people Congresses&#13;
Civilization&#13;
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                <text>The First International Congress of Black Writers and Artists took place in 1956 in Paris thanks to the vision and leadership of Senegalese Professor Alioune Diop, one of the founders of Présence Africaine, which was, and continues to be, a quarterly magazine and then a publishing house supporting the works of individuals from the African Diaspora. Other participants in the congress included Aimé Césaire, Léopold Sédar Senghor, Richard Wright, Franz Fanon, Jean Price-Mars, Josephine Baker, and Pablo Picasso, who illustrated the conference poster.</text>
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                <text>Dessalines, Jean-Jacques, 1758-1806&#13;
Haiti -- History -- Revolution, 1791-1804&#13;
Haiti -- History -- 1804-1844</text>
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                <text>Port-au-Prince, Haïti : Editions H. Deschanps</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Parti démocratique populaire de la jeunesse haïtienne.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Port-au-Prince : publisher not identified&#13;
1. année, no 1 (7 déc. 1945)-</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1945</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>volumes : illustrations</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>French</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Title from caption.&#13;
Published by Imp. Haiti journal, &lt;1 mai 1946-&gt;&#13;
Master negative held by the Center for Research Libraries.&#13;
Issued irregularly.&#13;
Issue for 15 déc. 1945 and issue for 1 janv. 1946 both called: 1. année, no 2.&#13;
Issue for 1 janv. 1946 also called: Édition speciale.&#13;
Latest issue consulted: 2. année, no 42 (9 déc. 1946)</text>
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            <name>Alternative Title</name>
            <description>An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.</description>
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                <text>Available in other form: Online version: Ruche (Port-au-Prince, Haiti) &#13;
Later Title: Nouvelle ruche </text>
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            <name>Date Created</name>
            <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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                <text>December 1945</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12078">
                <text>Microfiche. 1.année:no 1-2.année:no 42 (7 déc. 1945-9 déc. 1946) Port-au-Prince, Haiti : Filmed for the Latin American Microfilming Project at Bibliothèque haïtienne de l'Institution Saint-Louis de Gonzague [by] Haiti Microfilm Center, 1985. 4 microfiches.</text>
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          <element elementId="80">
            <name>Bibliographic Citation</name>
            <description>A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12079">
                <text>Ruche (Port-au-Prince, Haiti). (1945). [publisher not identified].&#13;
</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="86">
            <name>Audience</name>
            <description>A class of entity for whom the resource is intended or useful.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="12080">
                <text>"Organe de la jeune génération."</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
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  <item itemId="1877" public="1" featured="0">
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        <src>https://scholar.library.miami.edu/digital/files/original/930b956ff3e13093ceeb43b3046ba59c.jpg</src>
        <authentication>e18f906100ce6a1d98b3c22c1429cf1b</authentication>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="12099">
                <text>Marvelous Realism of the Haitians Label Image</text>
              </elementText>
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