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                  <text>Test Florida/Miami History</text>
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                <text> A Yacht Race on Washington's Birthday, 1887</text>
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                <text>"This spring of 1887 it was apparent that the Bay could provide all the boats necessary for a yacht-race, and it was decided to celebrate Washington's Birthday with an open regatta...It was a success in every way. Thus began organized aquatic sports on the Bay, the Washington's Birthday regatta afterward being a fixture of the Biscayne Bay Yacht Club, until the displacement of sails by gasoline in general interest caused it to degenerate into a chowder-party. -The Commodore's Story by Ralph M. Munroe and Vincent Gilpin, Part XV (Typescript).</text>
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                <text>University of Miami Libraries. Special Collections., Ralph M. Munroe Family Papers, ASM0015. </text>
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                <text> Black liberator ; the life of Toussaint Louverture </text>
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                <text> Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803</text>
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                <text> Alexis, Stéphen</text>
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                <text> New York : Macmillan Co.</text>
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                <text> 1949</text>
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                <text>227 pages : illustrations, portraits, map (on lining-papers) ; 22 cm</text>
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                <text> An abridged translation of the author's Toussaint Louverture, libérateur d'Haiti.</text>
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                <text>oussaint Louverture, libérateur d'Haiti.</text>
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                <text> Compère Général Soleil, roman.</text>
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                <text>Haiti -- Politics and government -- 20th century&#13;
Haiti -- Social life and customs -- 20th century&#13;
Revolutionaries -- Haiti -- 20th century&#13;
Littérature haïtienne (française)&#13;
Haitian literature</text>
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                <text> Paris : Gallimard</text>
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                <text>Alexis, J. S., &amp; Alexis, J. S. (1955). Compère Général Soleil, roman. Gallimard.&#13;
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                <text>This novel centers on characters who are representatives of the arduous life of the Haitian peasantry and working class. The story takes place against a backdrop of abusive Haitian government officials under the presidency of Sténio Vincent (1930–1941), the American occupation signified by the ongoing presence of the Marines (1915–1934), an apathetic bourgeois class, and the migration to the sugar cane fields of the Dominican Republic where the structure of oppression is replicated under the Trujillo government and manifested through the Parsley [or “perejil” and “pelehil”] Massacre in 1937 with the complicity of the Haitian government.&#13;
The text is enlivened with the rich textures of nature manifesting her own agency to the point of personification, street scenes, the colorful speech and complex depictions of individuals who become aware of and resist the structures that oppress them, both in Haiti and the Dominican Republic, as they strive toward the highest ideals of personhood.&#13;
Tout à coup, il eut un pétillement devant les yeux, une effloraison de comètes blondes, aux grandes eaux rayonnantes, qui inondaient le ciel.&#13;
“Claire, cria-t-il, est-ce le soleil? C’est le vieux Compère Soleil qui vient me voir! Il a toujours été avec moi ...&#13;
Je te vois encore, Claire, dit-il, doucement. Je me sens bien, il y a comme une douceur dans tout mon corps, je me sens léger, je me sens comme si je flottais dans l’air … C’est le soleil! Le jour ne devait-il pas venir? ...&#13;
Le soleil ne m’a jamais manqué … Quand je devins boeuf-à-la-chaine [Appellation de l’employé aux bagages des autocars], il me brûlait les yeux tout au long des routes, sur le toit du camion où j’étais assis. Quand je fus corroyeur à la tannerie, c’est lui qui m’aidait à supporter l’odeur des peaux vives; lorsque je tournais la roue à la tournerie de bois, près de la cathédrale protestante, ensuite souffleur de forge à la fonderie, puis aide-ferblantier, et tant d’autres choses encore, dans toute ma vie il a été là … Général Soleil est un grand nègre, c’est l’ami des pauvres nègres, le papa, il ne montre qu’un seul oeil jaune aux chrétiens vivants, mail il lutte pour nous à chaque instant, et nous indique la route.”&#13;
— Pages 340–341&#13;
Suddenly, there was a sparkle in front of his eyes, an explosion of yellow comets and rays of liquid inundating the sky.&#13;
“Claire,” he yelled, “is that the sun? Is it my old Brother Sun who has come to see me? He has always been with me ... ”&#13;
“… I still see you, Claire, he said softly. ‘I feel fine.’ A good feeling seems to be spreading through my body. I feel light, as if I were floating in the air. It’s the sun. Daybreak finally had to come, didn’t it!”&#13;
“ … The sun has never failed me. When I became a bèfchenn [baggage handler on a truck], he burned my eyes as I sat on the roof of the kamyon [truck or pickup used for public transportation, sometimes with benches installed] all along the road. When I became a currier at the tannery, he was the one who helped me to stand the smell of raw hides. When I turned the wheel at the woodworking shop and worked the bellows for the forge at the foundry, and then a tinsmith, and so many other trades, he was always there … General Sun is a great man—he has always been the friend of poor black men, the guiding spirit who shows only one yellow eye to the living, but he fights for us at each turn and always shows us the way.”&#13;
— Pages 340–341</text>
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                <text> General Sun, my brother </text>
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                <text>Fiction&#13;
Fictional Work&#13;
Haiti&#13;
Haiti Politics and government Fiction&#13;
Haiti Social life and customs Fiction&#13;
Haïti Politique et gouvernement Romans, nouvelles, etc&#13;
Manners and customs&#13;
Novels&#13;
Political fiction&#13;
Politics and government&#13;
Romans</text>
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                <text>In his analysis of the personified natural phenomena, Professor Carrol F. Coates explains that:&#13;
Merely to place these natural phenomena in a semiological category or “mythical” or “allegorical” characters is to miss the point. This is rather, pure “marvelous realism” as conceived by Alexis in the wake of Carpentier. It is the reality of the world as experienced by the Haitian people, a “marvelous” way of apprehending reality, which is to say that it is a form of psychological or spiritual vision.&#13;
— From the introduction&#13;
Carrol F. Coates’ translation provides readers, new to Jacques Stéphen Alexis, with an extensive introduction to his literary work, with sections on the cultural and political background of Alexis’ time, the reception and significance of his literary works, descriptions of characters, the multilingual dimension of the text (six in total), and religion. Finally, the book also includes an extensive glossary of words and a guide to Kreyòl pronunciation.</text>
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                <text>Alexis, Jacques Stéphen, 1922-1961.</text>
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                <text> Coates, Carrol F., 1930-  Translator</text>
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                <text>Charlottesville : University Press of Virginia</text>
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                <text> xlviii, 299 pages : maps ; 24 cm.</text>
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                <text>Haiti&#13;
Dominican Republic</text>
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                <text> Compère Général Soleil, roman.</text>
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                <text> Alexis, J. S., &amp; Coates, C. F. (1999). General Sun, my brother. University Press of Virginia.&#13;
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                <text> IntranQu'îllités : revue littéraire et artistique.</text>
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Art, Haitian -- 21st century&#13;
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                <text> "I will not have a lot of time, unfortunately! To continue, from afar, my inalienable paternal duty … See my little daughter, I can give you something I know well, since I have desperately sought and found it, while continuing to seek it, this is the meaning of the purity of the heart, of the love of life, of the warmth of people … Yes, I have always approached life with a pure heart. See it is simple, Florence …&#13;
And more than anything … never forget that a human being is not only arms, legs, and hands, but above all else an intelligence. I would not like for you to allow your intelligence to slumber. When one’s intelligence slumbers it rusts, like a nail and then one is mean spirited without ever knowing …"&#13;
J.S. Alexis&#13;
Havana, January 11, 1955</text>
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                <text>James Noël, editor</text>
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                <text> Pétionville, Haïti : Passagers des vents.</text>
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                <text>IntranQu’îllités : revue littéraire et artistique. (2012). Passagers des vents.&#13;
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                <text>English translation of excerpt by Béatrice Colastin Skokan, Libraries, University of Miami.</text>
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                <text> Le nègre masqué : roman : tranche de vie haïtienne </text>
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My dear Antoine Rigal,&#13;
Do you remember that accursed afternoon, when in the hell of the Rue du Centre—you too, prisoner of the American occupation—dropped, while passing by the fence of the dungeon where I was almost dying of hunger, a piece of bread? It was in June 1918. I had been, at the beginning of the month, arrested at Ennery and brought to Port-au-Prince, by a transport of the American navy, the “Potomac”, under the pretext that I was going to echo the heroic revolt of Charlemagne Péralte against the oppressor. You have certainly not forgotten this painful period of our life.&#13;
As gratitude for that piece of bread, I would have dedicated this work to you that contains a few scenes, torn from a terrible reality, if the memory of the legendary hero, so dear to both of us, did not prohibit your name at the frontispiece of this book that is less a novel than a succession of little human documents.&#13;
Cordially,&#13;
Stéphen Alexis&#13;
Port-au-Prince, December 10th, 1933.</text>
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                <text> Les arbres musiciens; roman.</text>
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Alexis, J. S. (1976). Mi compadre el general Sol ([4. edición en español].). [Editora Taller].&#13;
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